Psoriasis is a noncommunicable disease that affects the skin and its appendages: the hair, the nail plate. External manifestations are rash and flaking of the skin, therefore, the second the name of the disease – psoriasis. It is characterized by the alternation of periods of exacerbation with periods of relative stability or remission. From the onset of the disease is not caused by microorganisms, which is not contagious by nature and is not contagious. Medical statistics says that this disease affects approximately 3% -4% of the population. Psoriasis can appear in people of any age, but "prefers" young people: more than 70% of patients, is found in the age of 18-23 years.
Psoriasis is a reaction abnormal of the organism to external stimuli, which in some parts of the body, there is a rapid withering away of the top layer of the skin. The normal length of the cycle and the subsequent maturation of the cells is about 21-28 days, in the case of psoriasis, the period is reduced to 3-5 days. Today the majority of experts are willing to consider psoriasis is a multifactorial disease etiology genetic.
There are several theories about the origin of the disease. The first is that there are two varieties of lichen:
The proponents of the theory argue that the only factor to contribute to the development of psoriasis are immune system disorders that is caused by a variety of factors:
According to this theory psoriasis is a systemic disease and can affect internal organs, joints and other tissues. With the defeat of the joints, called develop psoriatic arthritis, which suffer from the small joints of the hands, the feet.
The appearance of the disease is favoured by the following factors:
It begins as psoriasis, how it manifests, what is its effect on the body – all these moments are determined by the specific pathology. Today there are several classifications of the disease. One of the most common divides the psoriasis in two varieties:
Nepustuleznaya (or simple) form is characterized by the stability of the course of disease is chronic. This group is, and erythrodermic psoriasis, the main symptom of which is the defeat of the greater part of the skin.
pustular variety includes:
Independent category are:
Depending on the location of the pathological process and characteristics of the first symptoms of psoriasis there are:
Psoriasis — a disease systemic, in addition to the distribution in the skin and nails can affect the spine, joints, tendons, immune, endocrine, nervous system. Often there is a loss of liver, kidney, thyroid gland.
First symptoms of psoriasis most often are:
Because of the complexity of the impact of the disease in the body experts are more inclined to talk about psoriatic disease.
And, however, the main clinic associated with damage to certain areas of the skin. One of the first manifestations is the appearance covered with psoriatic plaques (scales), rounded papules of bright red or pink. Its function is symmetrical location on the scalp, flexor surfaces, bottom of the back, the less the mucous genital. The size of the papules in the early stages of several millimeters and can continue up to 10 and more see the Function of the rash becomes the basis for the separation of the disease into the following types:
Sometimes, the rash is curved in the form of rings or garlands, place cards with uneven edges.
The top layer of the papules are easily recoil scaly plaques formed by the stratum corneum epidermis. First, scales are formed in the Central part of the plate, slowly spread toward the edges. Light loose appearance due to the presence of dead cells filled with air gaps. Sometimes around elements form a rose ring that represents a growth area of the plate, and the diffusion of the inflammation. The surrounding skin remains unchanged.
When you delete a RAID reveals a shiny surface is bright red in color, formed by the capillaries with a very attenuatum walls, the ceiling covered with a fine film. The capillaries are detected due to the alteration of the normal structure of the top layer of the skin and its dramatic thinning. The changes in the structure of the skin is produced as a result of the maturation incomplete keratinocytes the cells, which leads to the impossibility of their normal differentiation.
The main symptom of psoriasis of the scalp the appearance is clearly elevated above the surrounding skin psoriatic plaques. They are very covered and looks like dandruff flakes. In doing so, the hair is not involved in the pathological process. Located under the hair area of the rash can spread on the soft skin, the neck, behind the ears. This process because of the rapid division of keratinocytes in the affected area.
This form of lichen causes significant thickening of the Horny layer of the skin in these places. The skin becomes rough and covered with cracks. The reason is the intensive cell division (their rate of reproduction up to 8 times higher than normal) and keep on the surface. In a first phase, in the skin of the pustules are formed with the content, which in principle is transparent, but gradually becomes white. Time with the formation of dark scars. In the majority of cases, the disease manifests in both the feet and the hands, but sometimes the plaques are produced only in one area. When the process of distribution to the back of the hands we are talking about another form of psoriasis (not the Palmar-plantar).
What is nail psoriasis? For this type of disease is characterized by the variety of symptoms. Observed mainly two types of destruction of records:
The symptoms of psoriasis vary depending on the particular season and the stage. Many patients experience "winter" variety of the disease, where periods of exacerbation there in the late fall or winter. In the summer season because of the intensity of the ultraviolet light is produced the improvement. "Summer" is quite rare. Within pathology there are three stages:
The symptoms of psoriasis in children have some differences, especially in babies. The first signs are not typical. In the folds of the skin appears demarcated area of redness, which is accompanied by maceration and gradual ita decorticavit of the stratum corneum (starting from the periphery). Apparently, it seems eczematid, diaper rash or Candida. Have smaller children that rashes continue to appear in not typical for psoriasis sites (skin, mucosa genital, in the natural folds of the skin). Very often, the lesions first develop on the head, under the hair. Here accumulate crusts on the background of moderate infiltration. Another common site of localization of the rashes on the skin is exposed to constant friction of the clothing or aggressive medicines.
Formed in the body of the papule gradually coalesce into plaques with outlines irregular. Their sizes can vary from cremore lenticulae grain for kids hands. With teardrop-shaped papular elements have small dimensions. Appear suddenly, quickly, cover the body, the face, the neck, the scalp and extensoris indications region of the hands and feet.
Psoriasis in children has a long and persistent course. The only exception is the lock type, which is characterized by more mild with long periods of remission. As in the case of adults, in the development of the disease distinguish three stages or phases.
Diffuse lesions are observed on the palms and soles of the child. There are also cracks and the infiltration of the skin. In the case of the forms of dermatosis affecting the nail: they form a point indentation or grooves longitudinal. Psoriasis serious due to the deformation of the nails.
Pustular psoriasis is rare in children. It can occur in the age. This disease is characterized by severe course, with a noticeable deterioration and the increase of temperature.
arthropathic variety in children do not occur. In rare cases, in young patients indicate the presence of pain in the joints.
