It has a wide distribution, often occurs in the form of outbreaks epidemic. The disease can be caused by all the type of fungus of the gender Trichophyton and Microsporum.
The clinical picture of fungal infections of the scalp is determined by the ecology of the pathogen, the way in which the elements of the fungus in the hair and the severity of the inflammatory reaction that develops in the skin, in response to the introduction of the fungus.
Superficial disease of the scalp – typically occurs in children aged 6 to 10 years, at least from 1 to 5 and 11 to 15 years. Many patients in puberty, the infection has a tendency to the proper resolution. If not, then there is the so-called chronic disease of the scalp, observed especially in adult women.
The source of the infection superficial diseases of the scalp are the sick person and the things that touch (hats, scarves, combs, brushes, scissors, bed linen, etc.).
The clinical picture. On the scalp lesions are formed mild redness and light flaking of the skin that has irregular rounded form, and a diffuse strike limits. The symptom most characteristic is the thinning of hair in lesions that are not caused by the loss of hair. Some hair break off at the level of 2-3 mm above the surface of the skin and have the form of hemp gray color; others are cut directly from the mouths of the follicle.follicles, follicles, and have the appearance of "black spots". It was in broken so that the hair more easy to detect the pathogen.
Erythemal-bubble form is characterized by the appearance of scattered, not very strong defined pink plaques, slightly above the skin level and is dotted with small bubbles. Then there is a slight peeling, and the place of the small bubbles appear light brown. Hair breaking at the level of the surface of the skin.
Impetigious form occurs in those cases in which the surface of the disease of the scalp, complicated by a secondary infection. The affected skin of the scalp, therefore, covered with a crust and resemble impetigo.
Chronic black-see" disease of the scalp it tends to be a continuation of the surface of the disease in childhood, have not reached the age of puberty. Disease of the scalp takes a chronic course, almost exclusively in adult women, which, as a general rule, are endogenous predisposing factors: dysfunction of the gonads, thyroid, autonomic disorders, hypovitaminosis, etc.
The disease occurs for the most part were obliterated, without the patient and others. Often the reason for the examination of adult women is the appearance in the family of ill children or grandchildren.
In some areas there are pockets of peeling with fuzzy boundaries and with fragments of hair. Sometimes the disease is manifested in the form of small dots with a thick crust at the mouth of the follicle. The most pathognomonic clinical symptom are broken at the skin level hair – the so-called "black spots".
Very rarely a superficial disease of the scalp becomes inflammatory in nature, with the appearance of the pustules, infiltrates.
Isolated chronic disease of the scalp is very rare. As a general rule, the infectious process is common and, together with the defeat of the scalp the lesions are observed on the soft skin of the torso, palms, soles of the feet.
Disease of the scalp is celebrated almost exclusively in children, adult patients only 10-12 %. Infection in children occurs most frequently at the age of 1 to 13, rarely 15 years. At the time of puberty in all patients spontaneous recovery occurs.
The disease is highly contagious like children and animals; the groups of children (schools, day care centres, kindergartens) that can occur in the form of outbreaks epidemic.
The sources of infection and routes of transmission of the infection with the disease caused by the fungus, as a superficial disease of the scalp. The main sources of infection in human, the zoo of wild mushrooms are diseased cats and dogs.
Clinical manifestations of the disease develop after the incubation period, which lasts an average of 4-6 weeks.
All the hair spot is formed which gradually increases in size, the capture of large areas of the skin of the scalp. Inflammatory changes in the injuries are minor. Sometimes early in the disease there is the appearance of bubbles with sulphur contents, sometimes covered with scabs.
At the height of its development of the disease is characterized by the presence in the scalp right 1-2 large rounded or oval shape, sharply limited, not having the tendency to merge focus. The skin around these lesions is slightly swollen and densely covered with gray-white coating (like flour). All the hair in the lesions with a height of 4-6 mm above the skin level and look closely trimmed, there are areas of baldness. At the edge of the lesions of the hair is easy to break down. Said hairs at the base covered by a loose white cloth, so that they are similar to the glass rod, first immersed in glue and then in fine sand.
Favus is a chronic disease fungus that starts in childhood and, not having a penchant for self-medication, often continuous for adults. Favus is affected mostly on the side of the head, approximately 20% of the cases, the process of the nail and much less smooth skin.
The main causative agent of Favus is Trichophyton schonleinii.
The source of infection in Favus is a sick person, rarely sick animals (mouse, cat).
Infection of Favus contribute to bad sanitary conditions, poor personal hygiene, poor nutrition, and certain customs, for example, an extension to the constant wearing of headgear for religious and other reasons.
The clinical picture of Favus is composed of three main symptoms:
Sculling format have the appearance of dry formations of bright yellow colour, which the hair. Throughout the course of the disease without treatment sculling merge, forming a solid yellowish scabs, in the oven reminiscent of a honeycomb (hence the name favus, "cell"). sculling is closely attached to the skin, with great difficulty, removed individual loose parts, leaving behind inflamed bright pink, soft, slightly damp erosion.
On the scalp, in addition to more typical sculling form, has been found a kind of Favus. Rare suppurative form of the disease.
Deep disease of the scalp is usually caused by zoophilic trichophytons.
Infection of humans occurs most often through direct contact with animals sick, less often through a variety of topics on which there is impressed with the mushroom hair and scales of animals affected. Less healthy people from patients infected with an acute disease.
Infiltration can reach a size of 6-8 cm of diameter, has a bright red or blue color and sharply defined border. The number of focus you can get to 5-6. Surface infiltration is dotted with a large number of deep pustules and hair. Externally unchanged, the hair is often presented on the loose crust of the earth due to the profound inflammation purulent.
Sometimes the disease begins with the appearance of vesicles, pustules or flaking of the skin.
The patients complain of more or less acute pain in the lesions. Due to the absorption of the decomposition products of fungi and lysed tissue comes intoxication of the patient: there is a feeling of discomfort, weakness, headache, body temperature rises, sometimes up to 38-39 °C, it develops regional lymphadenitis.
Deep is the disease acute, tend to resolve after 2-3 months. after the formation of the infiltrates. Healing occurs by cicatrisation of wounds, major injuries leading to permanent baldness.
